Ngo-1987, uxwebhu lobuchwephesha olunesihloko esithi “iimfuno zolungelelwaniso lokugquma kwiSupplement 1 to iec439″ lwayilwa yi sub Technical Committee yeInternational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 17D, eyathi yazisa ngokusesikweni ulungelelwaniso lokugquma kwisixhobo sokutshintsha nokulawula umbane ophantsi. izixhobo.Kwimeko yangoku yase-China, kwiimveliso zombane eziphezulu kunye neziphantsi, ukulungelelaniswa kwe-insulation yezixhobo kuseyingxaki enkulu.Ngenxa yokwaziswa okusesikweni kolungelelwaniso lwe-insulation kwi-switchgear ephantsi yombane kunye nesixhobo solawulo, ngumcimbi ophantse ube yiminyaka emibini.Ngoko ke, yingxaki ebaluleke ngakumbi ukujongana nokusombulula ingxaki yokulungelelaniswa kwe-insulation kwimveliso.
Amagama aphambili: I-insulation kunye nezixhobo zokugquma kwi-low voltage switchgear
Ukulungelelaniswa kwe-insulation ngumba obalulekileyo onxulumene nokhuseleko lweemveliso zezixhobo zombane, kwaye uhlala uhoywa ingqalelo kuzo zonke iinkalo.Ulungelelwaniso lwe-insulation lwaqala ukusetyenziswa kwiimveliso zombane zamandla aphezulu.Ngo-1987, uxwebhu lobugcisa olunesihloko esithi “iimfuno zolungelelwaniso lokugquma kwiSupplement 1 ukuya kwi-IEc439″ lwayilwa yi-sub Technical Committee ye-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 17D, eyathi yazisa ngokusesikweni ulungelelwaniso lokugquma kwisixhobo sokutshintsha amandla ombane aphantsi kunye nezixhobo zokulawula.Ngokubhekiselele kwimeko yokwenyani yelizwe lethu, ulungelelwaniso lwe-insulation lwezixhobo kuseyingxaki enkulu kwiimveliso zombane eziphezulu nezisezantsi.Izibalo zibonisa ukuba ingozi ebangelwa yinkqubo yokugquma i-akhawunti ye-50% - 60% yeemveliso zombane e-China.Ngapha koko, yiminyaka emibini kuphela ukusukela oko umbono wolungelelwaniso lokufakwa kwe-insulation ucatshulwe ngokusesikweni kwisixhobo sokutshintsha amandla ombane asezantsi kunye nezixhobo zokulawula.Ngoko ke, yingxaki ebaluleke ngakumbi ukujongana nokusombulula ingxaki yokulungelelaniswa kwe-insulation kwimveliso.
2. Umgaqo osisiseko wokulungelelaniswa kwe-insulation
Ukulungelelaniswa kwe-insulation kuthetha ukuba iimpawu zokugquma umbane zezixhobo zikhethwa ngokwemiqathango yenkonzo kunye nokusingqongileyo kwesixhobo.Kuphela xa uyilo lwezixhobo lusekelwe kumandla omsebenzi othwala kubomi obulindelekileyo, ukulungelelaniswa kwe-insulation kuyenzeka.Ingxaki yokulungelelaniswa kwe-insulation ayiveli kuphela ngaphandle kwesixhobo kodwa nakwisixhobo ngokwaso.Yingxaki ebandakanya zonke iinkalo, ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokubanzi.Amanqaku aphambili ahlulwe abe ngamacandelo amathathu: okokuqala, iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo;Okwesibini yindawo yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, kwaye okwesithathu kukukhethwa kwezinto zokugquma.
(1) Iimeko zezixhobo
Iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zibhekisa ikakhulu kumbane, indawo yombane kunye namaxesha asetyenziswa sisixhobo.
1. Ubudlelwane phakathi kokulungelelaniswa kwe-insulation kunye ne-voltage.Xa kuqwalaselwa unxulumano phakathi kolungelelwaniso lwe-insulation kunye ne-voltage, amandla ombane anokuthi enzeke kwisistim, amandla ombane aveliswa sisixhobo, inqanaba lombane oqhubekayo elifunekayo, kunye nobungozi bokhuseleko lomntu kunye nengozi iya kuqwalaselwa.
1. Ukuhlelwa kwe-voltage kunye ne-overvoltage, i-waveform.
a) Umbane oqhubekayo wamandla ombane, one-R, m, s voltage
b) I-overvoltage yethutyana, i-frequency frequency overvoltage ixesha elide
c) I-overvoltage edlulayo, i-over-voltage kwiimilliseconds ezimbalwa okanye ngaphantsi, ngokuqhelekileyo i-oscillation ephezulu yokumanzisa okanye ukungahambi.
——I-overvoltage edlulayo, ngokuqhelekileyo iyindlela enye, ukufikelela kwixabiso eliphezulu le-20 μs
——Izandi ezikhawulezayo zangaphambi kokugqithiswa kombane: I-overvoltage edlulayo, ngokuqhelekileyo kwicala elinye, ifikelela kwincopho yexabiso le-0.1 μs
——Izaphulelo zamaza angaphambili: I-overvoltage edlulayo, ngokuqhelekileyo kwicala elinye, ukufikelela kwixabiso eliphezulu kwi-TF ≤ 0.1 μ s.Ubude bexesha elipheleleyo lingaphantsi kwe-3MS, kwaye kukho i-oscillation ephezulu, kunye nokuphindaphinda kwe-oscillation phakathi kwe-30kHz
Ngokohlobo olungaphezulu lwe-overvoltage, i-voltage waveform eqhelekileyo inokuchazwa.
2. Ubudlelwane phakathi kombane wexesha elide we-AC okanye we-DC kunye nolungelelwaniso lokugquma kuya kuthathwa njengombane olinganisiweyo, umbane olinganisiweyo wombane kunye nowona wombane osebenzayo.Kumsebenzi oqhelekileyo kunye nexesha elide lwenkqubo, i-voltage ye-insulation elinganisiweyo kunye ne-voltage yangempela yokusebenza kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.Ukongeza kokuhlangabezana neemfuno zomgangatho, kufuneka sihlawule ngakumbi imeko yokwenene yegridi yamandla yaseTshayina.Kwimeko yangoku ukuba umgangatho wegridi yamandla awukho phezulu e-China, xa kuyilwa iimveliso, i-voltage yangempela esebenzayo ibaluleke kakhulu ukulungelelanisa ukudibanisa.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-overvoltage edlulayo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwe-insulation inxulumene nemeko yokulawulwa kwe-voltage ngaphezulu kwenkqubo yombane.Kwinkqubo kunye nezixhobo, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokugqithisa.Impembelelo ye-overvoltage kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ngokubanzi.Kwinkqubo yamandla ombane aphantsi, umbane ogqithisileyo unokuchatshazelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo.Ngoko ke, ukugqithiswa kwe-overvoltage kwinkqubo kuhlolwa ngendlela yezibalo, ebonisa ingcamango yokwenzeka kwento eyenzekayo, kwaye inokumiselwa ngendlela yezibalo ezinokwenzeka ukuba ulawulo lokukhusela luyafuneka.
2. Udidi olugqithisileyo lwezixhobo
Ngokweemeko zezixhobo, inqanaba lexesha elide lokusebenza kwamandla ombane elifunekayo liya kwahlulwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiklasi ye-IV ngodidi lombane ogqithisiweyo wesixhobo sombane wegridi yombane ophantsi.Izixhobo ze-overvoltage isigaba IV sisixhobo esisetyenziswa ekupheleni kokunikezelwa kwamandla kwisixhobo sokuhambisa, njenge-ammeter kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela zangoku zesigaba sangaphambili.Izixhobo ze-class III overvoltage ngumsebenzi wofakelo kwisixhobo sokusabalalisa, kwaye ukhuseleko kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno ezikhethekileyo, ezifana ne-switchgear kwisixhobo sokusabalalisa.Izixhobo zeklasi ye-overvoltage ye-II zixhobo zokusetyenziswa kwamandla ezixhaswe sisixhobo sokusabalalisa, njengomthwalo wokusetyenziswa ekhaya kunye neenjongo ezifanayo.Izixhobo zeklasi ye-overvoltage I iqhagamshelwe kwisixhobo esinciphisa ukugqithisa okwexeshana ukuya kwinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu, njengesekethe ye-elektroniki kunye nokukhusela umbane ongaphezulu.Kwizixhobo ezingabonelelwanga ngokuthe ngqo yigridi yamandla ombane aphantsi, ubuninzi bombane kunye nokudityaniswa okunzulu kweemeko ezahlukeneyo ezinokubakho kwisixhobo senkqubo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo.
Xa izixhobo ukusebenza kwimeko yenqanaba eliphezulu overvoltage udidi, kwaye isixhobo ngokwalo akanalo ngokwaneleyo kuvumelekile udidi overvoltage, amanyathelo kuya kuthathwa ukunciphisa overvoltage kwindawo, kwaye ezi ndlela zilandelayo zingamkelwa.
a) Isixhobo sokukhusela amandla ombane ngaphezulu
b) Iziguquli ezinojikozodwa
c) Inkqubo yokuhanjiswa kweesekethe zamasebe amaninzi enamaza asasazwayo odluliselo adlula kumandla ombane
d) Isakhono esikwaziyo ukufunxa amandla ombane ogqithisiweyo
e) Isixhobo sokudambisa esikwaziyo ukufunxa amandla ombane ogqithisiweyo
3. Intsimi yombane kunye nokuphindaphinda
Intsimi yombane yahlulwe ibe yintsimi yombane efanayo kunye nentsimi yombane engekho yunifomu.Kwi-switchgear yombane ophantsi, ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengekwimeko yendawo yombane engafaniyo.Ingxaki yefrikhwensi isaqwalaselwa.Ngokubanzi, i-frequency ephantsi inefuthe elincinane kulungelelwaniso lwe-insulation, kodwa i-frequency ephezulu isenempembelelo, ngakumbi kwimathiriyeli yokugquma.
(2) Ubudlelwane phakathi kolungelelwaniso lokugquma kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo
Imeko-bume enkulu apho izixhobo zikhoyo zichaphazela ulungelelwaniso lwe-insulation.Ukususela kwiimfuno zesicelo esisebenzayo ngoku kunye nemigangatho, utshintsho loxinzelelo lomoya luqwalasela kuphela utshintsho loxinzelelo lomoya olubangelwa ukuphakama.Utshintsho lwemihla ngemihla loxinzelelo lomoya alukhange luhoywe, kwaye izinto zobushushu kunye nokufuma nazo azihoywanga.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho iimfuno ezichanekileyo, ezi zinto kufuneka ziqwalaselwe.Ukusuka kwimo engqongileyo encinci, imo engqongileyo enkulu imisela imo engqongileyo encinci, kodwa indawo encinci inokuba ngcono okanye ibe mbi kunezixhobo zokusingqongileyo ezinkulu.Amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okukhusela, ukufudumeza, ukungena komoya kunye nothuli lweqokobhe kunokuchaphazela indawo encinci.Ummandla omncinci unamalungiselelo acacileyo kwimigangatho efanelekileyo.Jonga iThebhile 1, ebonelela ngesiseko soyilo lwemveliso.
(3) Ukulungelelaniswa kwe-insulation kunye nezixhobo zokugquma
Ingxaki yezinto zokugquma inzima kakhulu, yahlukile kwirhasi, sisixhobo sokugquma esingenakubuyiselwa xa sonakele.Nokuba isiganeko esinengozi esingaphezulu kwe-overvoltage sinokubangela umonakalo osisigxina.Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide, izinto zokugquma ziya kudibana neemeko ezahlukeneyo, ezifana neengozi zokukhupha, njl. njl. kunye nezixhobo zokugquma ngokwazo ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo eziqokelelwe ixesha elide, njengoxinzelelo lwe-thermal Ubushushu, impembelelo yomatshini kunye nolunye uxinzelelo luya kukhawuleza. inkqubo yokwaluphala.Kwizinto zokugquma, ngenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, iimpawu zezixhobo zokugquma azifani, nangona kukho izikhombisi ezininzi.Oku kuzisa ubunzima bokukhethwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokukhusela, isizathu sokuba ezinye iimpawu ze-insulation materials, ezifana noxinzelelo lwe-thermal, iimpawu zomatshini, ukukhutshwa kwenxalenye, njl., aziqwalaselwa ngoku.Impembelelo yolu xinizelelo lungasentla kwizinto ezigqumayo kuxoxiwe ngazo kupapasho lwe-IEC, olunokuthi ludlale indima esemgangathweni ekusebenzeni okubonakalayo, kodwa akukenzeki ukuba kwenziwe isikhokelo sobungakanani.Okwangoku, kukho ezininzi iimveliso zombane eziphantsi kwamandla ombane asetyenziswa njengezalathisi zobungakanani bezinto zokugquma, ezifaniswa nexabiso le-CTI lesalathisi sophawu lokuvuza, olunokwahlulwa lube ngamaqela amathathu kunye neentlobo ezine, kunye nokuchasana nokuvuza kwesalathiso samanqaku e-PTI.Isalathiso samanqaku avuzayo sisetyenziselwa ukwenza umkhondo wokuvuza ngokulahla ulwelo olungcolisekileyo lwamanzi kumphezulu wemathiriyeli yokugquma.Uthelekiso lomyinge lunikiwe.
Esi salathisi somthamo othile sisetyenziswe kuyilo lwemveliso.
3. Ukuqinisekiswa kokulungelelaniswa kwe-insulation
Okwangoku, eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokuqinisekisa ulungelelwaniso lokugquma kukusebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-impulse dielectric, kwaye amaxabiso ombane ohlukileyo anokunyulelwa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo.
1. Qinisekisa ulungelelwaniso lwe-insulation yesixhobo kunye novavanyo olulinganisiweyo lombane we-impulse voltage
I-1.2/50 yamandla ombane olinganisiweyo we-impulse μ S ifom yamaza.
Uthintelo lwemveliso ye-impulse generator ye-impulse test power supply kufuneka ibe ngaphezu kwama-500 ngokubanzi Ω， Ixabiso lamandla ombane we-impulse elilinganisiweyo liya kumiselwa ngokwemeko yokusetyenziswa, udidi lombane ogqithisileyo kunye nosetyenziso lwexesha elide lombane lwesixhobo, kwaye luya kulungiswa ngokungqinelana nemeko yokusetyenziswa. ukuya kumphakamo ohambelana nawo.Okwangoku, ezinye iimeko zovavanyo zisetyenziswa kwi-switchgear yombane ophantsi.Ukuba akukho nkcazo ecacileyo malunga nokufuma kunye nobushushu, kufuneka kwakhona ibe ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusetyenziswa komgangatho wokutshintsha okupheleleyo.Ukuba indawo yokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo ingaphaya kwemida esebenzayo yesethi yesixhobo sokutshintsha, kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ilungisiwe.Ubudlelwane bolungiso phakathi koxinzelelo lomoya kunye nobushushu buhamba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
K=P/101.3 × 293( Δ T＋293)
I-K - imilinganiselo yokulungiswa koxinzelelo lomoya kunye nobushushu
Δ T – umahluko weqondo lobushushu K phakathi kobushushu bokwenyani (kwiLabhoratri) kunye ne-T = 20 ℃
P – uxinzelelo lokwenene kPa
2. Uvavanyo lwe-dielectric yenye i-voltage impulse voltage
Kwisixhobo sokutshintsha amandla ombane asezantsi, uvavanyo lwe-AC okanye lwe-DC lunokusetyenziswa endaweni yovavanyo lwe-voltage ye-impulse, kodwa olu hlobo lwendlela yovavanyo luqatha kunovavanyo lwe-voltage ye-impulse, kwaye kufuneka kuvunyelwene ngayo ngumenzi.
Ubude bexesha lovavanyo yimijikelo emi-3 kwimeko yonxibelelwano.
Uvavanyo lwe-DC, isigaba ngasinye (esilungileyo nesibi) ngokulandelelanayo sisebenzise amandla ombane kathathu, ixesha ngalinye li-10ms.
1. Ukumiselwa kwe-overvoltage eqhelekileyo.
2. Ukulungelelanisa kunye nokuzimisela kokumelana nombane.
3. Ukumiselwa kwenqanaba le-insulation level.
4. Inkqubo ngokubanzi yokulungelelaniswa kwe-insulation.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-20-2023